Intensive usage of farm inputs has resulted in environment pressure. The pressure is mainly due to the widely use of chemical inputs and the overdraft of groundwater resources. So, there is a conflict between ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES in the form of lowering resources use and farmers’ OBJECTIVES in form of maximizing production by using more inputs. In this study, ENVIRONMENTAL and farmers’ OBJECTIVES are considered by using multi objective programming. ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES include the reduction of water, chemical fertilizer, and pistons consumption and farmer' OBJECTIVES consist of increasing gross return and decreasing risk. The data required to this study are collected from Marvdashst agricultural crops farmers in Fars province.Based on the results, there are trade offs among OBJECTIVES and a desired combination of OBJECTIVES. The findings show that the crops of cucumber, canola and barley are consistent with both ENVIRONMENTAL policy makers and farmers’ considerations. Onion and wheat crops are important from the farmers’ point of view rather than ENVIRONMENTAL policy makers. Rice, maize and hay maize crops have no priority to cultivate.

In this study ENVIRONMENTAL and farmer's OBJECTIVES of Marvdasht district growers were considered jointly using multi objective programming. Different amounts were chosen for each objective and several plans were developed. Based on the results, it was revealed that, there was a trade off among OBJECTIVES and a better combination of OBJECTIVES is available, compare to current plan. It was also found that some patterns may be able to improve ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES. Barley and tomato were recognized pioneer crops in that they may provide desirable combination of OBJECTIVES, followed by wheat and rice. 

The present study was conducted to introduce the Islamic perspective of Mother Earth from the point of view of the beloved Prophet of Islam, Mohammad and Infallibles (peace be upon them), identifying the components of ENVIRONMENTAL Etiquette and introducing the relevant model and explaining the goals, aims and OBJECTIVES of ENVIRONMENTAL Education, based on this view. The study was conducted in a qualitative and quantitative manner by purposeful sampling and analysis of relevant documents from the statistical community including the Holy Quran, narrative books including the Noble Book of Sahifah Al-Sajadiyyah, Osool Al-Kafee, Mafatih Al-Hayat, and valid articles. Themes analysis was done through in-depth study and analysis, coding and interpretation and simultaneous inference of data and classification of components in a deductive manner. Examples of politeness to mother were extracted from the Islamic perspective and accordingly, examples of ENVIRONMENTAL etiquette were deduced and classified into seven components. Based on the results of the qualitative section, a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was developed. The content validity of the questionnaire was determined by experts, and its reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha to be at 0. 908. The level of agreement of experts in the fields of Islamic sciences, education and ENVIRONMENTAL education, with the proper relationship between ENVIRONMENTAL etiquette examples and components was measured by this questionnaire based on 30 responses. According to the findings, the components of ENVIRONMENTAL etiquette were as follows: Respect, Benevolence, Adaptability, Support, Compassion, Gratitude, and Satisfaction. Finally, the model of ENVIRONMENTAL etiquette and ENVIRONMENTAL education goals were depicted from the Islamic perspective of Mother Earth. The need to pay attention to the ENVIRONMENTAL ethics, character and etiquette in formal education, with special attention to the differences between these three concepts, as well as the design, implementation and validation of educational models aimed at expanding the education of ENVIRONMENTAL ethics, character and etiquette were emphasized.

ENVIRONMENTAL issues threaten the lives of modern societies, and the ENVIRONMENTAL education can be a way out of this threatened lives. ENVIRONMENTAL education is a process that develops knowledge, attitudes, and actions needed for treating the ENVIRONMENTAL issues. The aim of the present study is to find out the foundations and OBJECTIVES of ENVIRONMENTAL education according to Ayatollah Javadi’s Views. The methodology of this research is descriptive and inferential. Apart from determining the general foundation and objective of ENVIRONMENTAL education, i.e. instructing students to be good believer men/women, six meddle OBJECTIVES have been derived from Ayatollah Javadi’s works, which are: educating the monotheistic attitude towards world and environment, making the student familiar with the philosophy of creation and his/her relationship with the environment, making the student aware of his/her responsibilities for the environment, developing the sense of friendship with environment and religious responsibility for it, developing the sense of empathy with and obligation to the members of society and future generations, and training the necessary skills in developing the environment and the correct use of it. At the end, the instances of these OBJECTIVES are examined in more details.

ABSTRACT The attention of contemporary planners to ENVIRONMENTAL factors and increasing awareness and communication of man with his surrounding environment has increased the layers and defining factors of design and planning concepts. In such a way, a common problem with the issue of ENVIRONMENTAL capabilities to respond was put in front of the planners. The collection of ideas presented in this era was in the form of responsive planning, focusing on the maximum use of ENVIRONMENTAL capabilities. The necessity of the emergence of a comprehensive discourse to overcome the plurality of factors, definitions and design methods in the ENVIRONMENTAL fields has been given less attention. Based on this, the current research aims to organize the leading theories in this field in a targeted manner and seeks to improve them based on their synergy. The structural question of this research is the meanings, examples and meaningful contexts of flexibility in various aspects and scales of urban planning. The research method used is qualitative thematic analysis with the help of artificial intelligence in MAXQDA software in a 6-step processing process. The important application of this research is to structure the minds of the planners of this field to reduce the scattered and interdisciplinary problems of the resources. The results of this research revealed dimensions such as identification and recognizability, diversity and changeability, adaptability and expandability, distribution, separation and continuity, organization and compatibility in the field of flexibility and related to the corresponding parts in urban planning   Extended Abstract Introduction Responsiveness-based design and planning emphasizing the maximum use of ENVIRONMENTAL capacities to meet users' needs implicitly cause a targeted improvement of ENVIRONMENTAL quality. As the ENVIRONMENTAL awareness of contemporary man has expanded and the platforms have become more diverse, many challenges are raised in the field of environment-oriented in the field of infrastructure quality and service provision. Urban developments and new developments in cities should be interpreted with integrated conceptualization. The conceptualization of interpretive flexibility in the planning and designing of public spaces in the city is used as an interdisciplinary perspective in urban space design to open and discuss its connection and potential as an approach to strengthening social cohesion and inclusion. The general definition of flexibility is that it can create places with new forms of meaning and be used for different groups to strengthen its coherence and multidisciplinary inclusion in terms of design and planning of space and body. On this basis, the concept of flexibility is proposed as a principle in the context of design and planning due to its wide range of effects on background phenomena. The history of such a role can be seen in the diversity of users' needs. In such a way, it is impossible to express the specific time and area of the need to pay attention to this concept. This is in line with Oldenburg's theory of "social public spaces," in which being in public space, communicating with people and the environment through observing the streets, sidewalks, squares, and parks of the city is a necessary step for people as a part of their social life. The meaningfulness of the design of the artificial environment was considered. In any case, in the contemporary era, on the one hand, at the same time as the quantitative and qualitative increase of human ENVIRONMENTAL awareness, there is no longer any phenomenon in the eyes of contemporary man arising from a unique aspect and range of factors. On the other hand, his life needs in the individual and collective dimensions have seen a high diversity, which has led to the formation of multiple semantic domains of past flexibility. The meaning of flexibility in such an interdisciplinary platform and basic design refers to the concept of understanding and responding quickly and efficiently to ENVIRONMENTAL changes. Such a holistic definition for this broad field of ENVIRONMENTAL design means the implicit acceptance of the role of scale in the meaningful domain of these concepts. On a macro scale, it means making design options to increase the presence, participation, and power of choices of users of the environment in participatory urban planning and design methods, and on a small scale, it means making design options to increase spatial quality and, as a result, the quality of activities. The daily activities of ENVIRONMENTAL users are through selection against the "dominant space." Flexibility at different scales is crucial for dimensional optimization, shaping, and structuring spatial features, leading to improved performance of space components and spaces. The development of the concept of "flexibility" from various studies in metropolitan to micro scales, such as interior architecture, allows it to pass the discourse of responsiveness to provide a broad approach to ENVIRONMENTAL design in which different values, interests, and priorities are prioritized. As a result, the issue of flexibility in ENVIRONMENTAL design has been raised as a multi-dimensional field in the design and planning of the basic environment. The breadth and complexity of this concept have made the researchers of this field deal with it in one or more ways, and it has been avoided to provide a comprehensive framework about the nature and structuring processes. The current research presents a structured view of flexibility in architecture and urban planning with an ENVIRONMENTAL approach.   Methodology The methodology to achieve this goal is to use the macro research method and achieve a comprehensive framework by combining categorized interpretations. In such a way that by sorting and categorizing these concepts and bases in a new way, he has found a new level of theoretical findings, which will be a suitable answer for the gaps in scientific knowledge and scientific methods created in this field. In this context, the research method "thematic analysis" has been used with a qualitative approach and the use of library resources. Also, to overcome the breadth and complexity of these concepts and the multi-layer networking of concepts in this research method, artificial intelligence has been used in MAXQDA research assistance software.   Results and discussion In the meantime, attention should also be paid to the fields of influence and application of the results of this research because designers refer to flexibility as the creator of ENVIRONMENTAL qualities, including dynamism. Also, since flexibility, along with the principles of readability and adaptability, affect the lifestyle and behavioral patterns of the audience of ENVIRONMENTAL design in architecture and urban planning, it will also be effective in dealing with the challenge of complexity in ENVIRONMENTAL design factors. One of the key questions for achieving research goals on this issue is how flexibility in ENVIRONMENTAL design impacts the relationship between flexibility and scale.   Conclusion The most important finding of this research suggests that first, it requires a focus on the conditions under which the processes of perceiving human abilities and discovering the needs of the human audience can manifest. The theoretical framework arises from a comparative approach between design disciplines. These conditions are independent of the final state of the design product, and strengthening the ENVIRONMENTAL capacities will lead to a direction and an area that includes ENVIRONMENTAL flexibility. By responding to new situations, the construction of the space and the body within a space building can be adapted to various configurations. Even though the environment may remain constant, the designed place will continue functioning as a strong living system over time.  It also seems that the nature of issues related to flexibility has complexity. Considering that the quality of flexibility in urban planning and architecture is significant in multilevel and multifaceted scales from micro to macro, it is important to pay attention to the scale of different variables. In order to reduce this problem, the consistency and adjustment of the scale of the variables measured in a specific analysis should be considered in the first step.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

Increasing competition for water among farmers accompanying chemical pollution due to current land management practices has caused unsustainability in Kamfirooz region, in Fars province, Iran. The bio-economic modeling approach described in this paper offers a new methodological framework to analyze the implications of alternative water-soil management practices. The suggested model combines a biophysical model (WinEPIC) and a mathematical programming model of farmers' economic behavior with game theory, providing a more realistic representation of economic agri-ENVIRONMENTAL attitudes. This paper investigates optimal solutions for the conflicting OBJECTIVES between the two players, the farmers and the environment. The application of four conflict resolution methods indicated that players can compromise to balance their conflicting OBJECTIVES. This study indicated that it is possible to manage sustainable agricultural systems and a protection of resources to be used in the future by applying the appropriate management practices. The results demonstrated that giving equal weight to ENVIRONMENTAL and economic attitudes results in 20%, 81% and 5.4% improvements in water, nitrogen and phosphorus loss indicators, respectively, while decreasing only 4% of gross margin.

In this study, in order to determine the optimal mechanization of the wood primary transportation in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran, current machines including Timberjack 450C, HSM 904 and agricultural tractor and number of new machines including LKT 81, TAF 690, Vimek 610 and Mowi 650 were investigated. The Goal Programming technique, a multi-objective optimization method, including ENVIRONMENTAL, economic, performance, ergonomics, was used. The results showed that Timberjack 450C and HSM 904 skidders had less log transporting costs compared to other machines, and economically are still cost-effectively machines. For the transporting of firewood, Farm tractor is not cost-effectively and the alternative economic option is Mowi 650 trailer. In the case of replacement, the cost of firewood transporting will decrease by 44%. Optimization results, using goal programming regarding all the goals, have shown that existing machines should be replaced by the LKT 81 skidder and the Vimek 610 forwarder to transport logs and firewoods, respectivlly. With the replacement, the costs of log transporting will increase to 15% and the costs of firewood transporting will decrease to 10%. Currently, the mechanization of wood transportation in Hyrcanian forests is not optimal in terms of quadratic goals and needs to be changed. In the forest machinery management, the ENVIRONMENTAL and ergonomic aspects should be taken into consideration.

Today, agriculture is an economic activity which has an important role in te P, r d n t e d se ur t e untr seen t e other hand ENVIRONMENTAL side effects, agricultural activities can have along with. Many of economic analyzes without having ecological concerns emphasize the increasing economic welfare of farmers. In this study, using goal programming model considering economic and ENVIRONMENTAL goals the. Beiza Plain of Fars Province optimal cultivation pattern was set. Statistical data from a sample of 100 producers in the region, which randomly selected at 2011-2012 crop year and Additional information from Agricultural Organization Sepidan was collected. The results showed that in the goal programming model, tomatoes and bean omitted from the model, onion and com entered in the model. Rice accounted most acreage area with 11940.1 hectare. In addition, the consumption of water, fertilizers and pesticides compared to current conditions declined. According to the findings, with considering the ENVIRONMENTAL goals, increasing profits and productivity of resources under current conditions is possible.